Service and device discovery of nodes in a wireless sensor network

Emerging wireless communication standards and more capable sensors and actuators have pushed further development of wireless sensor networks. Deploying a large number of sensor\ud nodes requires a high-level framework enabling the devices to present themselves and the resources they hold. The device and the resources can be described as services, and in this paper, we review a number of well-known service discovery protocols. Bonjour stands out with its auto-configuration, distributed architecture, and sharing of resources. We also present a lightweight implementation in order to demonstrate that an emerging standards-based device and service discovery protocol can actually be deployed on small wireless sensor nodes

Integrated sensor and management system for urban waste water networks and prevention of critical situations

[EN] This work describes the design and implementation of improvements to the monitoring system of an urban waste water network, resulting in more efficient management of the system. To achieve this objective, the latest communications technology has been incorporated into heterogeneous networks and sensor systems. This technology includes mobile systems, which take measurements and transmit images in real time, an intelligent platform for processing and management of variables, and the implementation of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) designed with specific protocols and tools that allow the rapid deployment of the network and allow measurements to be taken in emergency situations. The sensors in this type of installation are extremely important for the management of the system as they allow us to collect information and make decisions with sufficient time to deal effectively with critical situations such as flooding or overloading of the waste water system, or environmental problems such as dumping of possible pollutants, as well as to make the best use of the water cycle. The solution presented here automates large portions of the processes, minimizing the possibility of human error, and increasing the frequency and accuracy of the measurements taken, ensuring a robust communication system covering all the elements involved to provide ubiquity of information, and finally gives an application layer to manage the system and receive alerts. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.This work was supported by the MCyT (Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology) under the projects PET2007-0316 and TIN2010-21378-C02-02, which are partially funded by ERDF (European Regional Development Fund).Sempere Paya, VM.; Santonja Climent, S. (2012). Integrated sensor and management system for urban waste water networks and prevention of critical situations. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems. 36(1):65-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2011.07.001S658036

Applied DDMI: A White Paper on how Design-Driven Material Innovation Methodology was applied in the Trash-2-Cash Project

This report summarises the work of a consortium of 18 partners; designers, design researchers and facilitators, manufacturers, material researchers and technical experts, during the EU Funded Trash-2-Cash project. The applied methodology and related recommendations are the main results captured in this report with thanks to contributions from Aalto University, Material ConneXion® Italia, RISE and The University of the Arts London

The preparation of graft copolymers of cellulose and cellulose derivatives using ATRP under homogeneous reaction conditions

In this comprehensive review, we report on the preparation of graft-copolymers of cellulose and cellulose derivatives using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) under homogeneous conditions. The review is divided into four sections according to the cellulosic material that is graft-copolymerised; (i) cellulose, (ii) ethyl cellulose, (iii) hydroxypropyl cellulose and (iv) other cellulose derivatives. In each section, the grafted synthetic polymers are described as well as the methods used for ATRP macro-initiator formation and graft-copolymerisation. The physical properties of the graft-copolymers including their self-assembly in solution into nanostructures and their stimuli responsive behaviour are described. Potential applications of the self-assembled graft copolymers in areas such as nanocontainers for drug delivery are outline

Trash-2-Cash Project: Third Milestone Report D9.4

Trash-2-Cash is an EU funded project under the Horizon 2020 research programme. The project started in June 2015 and will be running until the end of November 2018. It applies Design-Driven Material Innovation (DDMI) as a tool for development routes within design, materials research and manufacturing of new materials, services and products. The overall objective of the Trash-2-Cash project is to develop new materials and products via creative design from waste materials and industrial side-products or by-products from the textile and paper industries and to promote development within the creative sector by providing technology solutions for exploitation of waste streams and design for recycling. 18 partners from 10 countries formed a cross-disciplinary team of designers, material researchers, and manufacturers in combination with specialists on behavioural research and cost and environmental assessments. Having all these specialists on board means that waste materials can be used to create new fibres that can be spun and woven, knitted or formed, into high performance textiles and composites, which can then be made into innovative new products. The full chain is represented within the project. The design team drives the material innovation in close collaboration with the material R&D and manufacturer teams. The project flow has three iterative phases called “Cycles” that repeat specific steps. The end/beginning of each Cycle corresponds with a milestone, the delivery of prototypes. The prototypes were finalized during the third and final Cycle of the project, the refinement Cycle into full product prototypes or Master Cases. These Master Cases are now ready and have been displayed for a broader audience during the Dutch Design Week in October 2018

Trash-2-Cash Project: Second Milestone Report D9.3

Trash-2-Cash is an EU funded project under the Horizon 2020 research programme. The project started in June 2015 and will be running until November 2018. It is applying Design-Driven Material Innovation (DDMI) as tool for the development routes within design, material research and manufacturing of new materials, services and products. The overall objective of the Trash-2-Cash project is to develop new materials and products via creative design from waste materials and industrial side or by-products from the textile and paper industries and to promote development within the creative sector by providing technology solutions for exploitation of waste streams and design for recycling. 18 partners from 10 countries have formed a cross-disciplinary team of designers, material researchers, and manufacturers and in combination with the specialist on behavioural research and cost and environmental assessments they constitute the full consortium. Having all of these specialists on board means that waste materials can be used to create new fibres that can be spun and woven, knitted or formed, into high performance textiles and composites, which can then be made into innovative new products. The full chain is represented within the project. The design team drives the material innovation in close collaboration with the material R&D and manufacturer teams. The project flow has three iterative phases called “Cycles” that repeat specific steps. The end/beginning of each Cycle corresponds with a milestone, the delivery of prototypes. The Second Milestone has now been reached for the Trash-2-Cash project by finalizing the second Cycle, Cycle B, meaning that we have produced the second set of prototypes. These are smaller pieces of material of regenerated cellulose fibres and regenerated polyester fibres that have been made from waste materials. The prototypes produced during Cycle B will be evaluated by Life Cycle Assessments to facilitate communication of the potential of the future product. The perception by the potential consumer by recycled products has been evaluated through consumer behavioural research. The prototypes will be further developed during the final Cycle of the project, the refinement Cycle (Cycle C), in order to refine the material samples into product prototypes. The DDMI approach gives the design team the assignment to influence the further development of these materials into high quality products

Analysis of nitrogen-based explosives with desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry

RATIONALE: Fast methods that allow the in situ analysis of explosives from a variety of surfaces are needed in crime scene investigations and home-land security. Here, the feasibility of the ambient mass spectrometry technique desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization (DAPPI) in the analysis of the most common nitrogen-based explosives is studied. METHODS: DAPPI and desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) were compared in the direct analysis of trinitrotoluene (TNT), trinitrophenol (picric acid), octogen (HMX), cyclonite (RDX), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), and nitroglycerin (NG). The effect of different additives in DAPPI dopant and in DESI spray solvent on the ionization efficiency was tested, as well as the suitability of DAPPI to detect explosives from a variety of surfaces. RESULTS: The analytes showed ions only in negative ion mode. With negative DAPPI, TNT and picric acid formed deprotonated molecules with all dopant systems, while RDX, HMX, PETN and NG were ionized by adduct formation. The formation of adducts was enhanced by addition of chloroform, formic acid, acetic acid or nitric acid to the DAPPI dopant. DAPPI was more sensitive than DESI for TNT, while DESI was more sensitive for HMX and picric acid. CONCLUSIONS: DAPPI could become an important method for the direct analysis of nitroaromatics from a variety of surfaces. For compounds that are thermally labile, or that have very low vapor pressure, however, DESI is better suited. Copyright (C) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Peer reviewe